aALCOHOL SHOULD BE BANNED Essay -- essays research papers

ALCOHOL SHOULD BE BANNEDAlcohol in the form of waterspout beverages has been suck upd by humans since pre-historic times, for a variety of hygienic, dietary, medicinal, religious, and recreational reasons. While infrequent consumption of alcohol in small quantities may be harmless or even beneficial, larger doses result in a state known as drunkenness or intoxication and, depending on the dose and regularity of use, dissolve cause acute respiratory failure or death and with chronic use can cause severe health problems, such as liver and brain damage.As stated earlier, alcohol in small doses is harmless and can even be beneficial, but how many people can consume alcohol responsibly and sensibly? Very few I must say.It can be argued however, that some of the benefits of drinking alcohol can be tackle when drank moderately, for example alcohol has been known to induce a relaxed tint due to its central nervous system depressant qualities. Secondly, alcohol has carbohydrates in lar ge quantities which are digested to produce energy and therefore has some health value. Thirdly, it reduces tension in the muscles thereby, heightening the feeling of relaxation. Finally, alcohol has been known to lower inhibitions giving the user the feeling of bravery and reducing shyness.However, Alcohol in large doses can be very detrimental to not only the user but to people most him/her. For instance alcohol has been known to damage the brain especially the frontal lobes. It also caus...

Essays on Rape -- Catharine MacKinnon Susan Estrich Essays

Essays on RapeOnly Words, by Catharine MacKinnon is a collection of three essays each essay argues her claim that internal words and pictures should be prohibited instead of Constitutionally cling toed under the First Amendment as free speech. In her first essay, Defamation and Discrimination, MacKinnon takes the stance that erotica is sex, and should not be tough as speech, but as a sexist act. She claims that pornography is an action, just as, a sign saying White Only is only words, but it is seen as the act of segregation that it is.(MacKinnon 13) MacKinnon claims that other action words, such as death curses, are banned, pornography should be banned as well. According to her essay, pornography rapes women. First, the photographers strike already victimized women to be photographed, and thereby re-victimizing them. Then each man who views the pornography uses the ideas he attains from it to force his own sexual partner to perform the acts in the pornography. In the s econd essay, Racial and Sexual Harassment, MacKinnon states, if ever words feel been understood as acts, it has been when they are sexual harassment.(MacKinnon 45) She explains how written words can have the same effects on a reader as an action. They can evoke the same fear and violation as a physical threat of rape. In her final essay, Equality and Speech, MacKinnon suggests that the words as actions that she has describes in her previous essays should be subject to a group defamation lawsuit. She states that the Constitution protects speech that promotes sexual inequality. She feels that the Fourteenth Amendment should cover the discrimination allowed in the First Amendment.Susan Estrichs Real Rape is an essay preaching proposed changes in rape statutes. Estrich first describes, in great detail, the history of rape legislation in England. She follows pertinent cases through history, citing changes and analyzing the effects of those changes. Estrich bases her findings on summaries, dissents, and other legal documentation. She then describes the current law, and evaluates how it has changed the way in which the solicit views rape. Throughout her essay, Estrich makes a distinction between classic rape and simple rape. She defines the former as aggravated rape by a stranger, and the latter as rape by a date or acquaintance. Estrich focuses on simple ... ... although it can be used to hurt, it can also be used to perplex aid and information to those in need. Imposing limits on freedom of expression would dampen our nations uniqueness and suppress the voice of the people. Her idea that pornography acts as sex and can therefore be banned because it is no longer speech is ludicrous and rash. The repercussions of such an amendment would change our society to one of last-ditch government control. The examples that she gives to relate pornography to racism are limited in scope. She suggests that because Henri Matisses The Blue Nude(Matisse) port rays an unclothed female that a man may, in her words, get off on,(MacKinnon 58) it should be banned. The line between art and explicit pornography is not one that the government should be able to draw. The government should, however, protect victims from physical acts of rape as Susan Estrich describes. BibliographyEstrich, Susan. Real Rape. Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press, 1987.MacKinnon, Catharine. Only Words. Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press, 1993.Matisse, Henri. The Blue Nude. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland.

Playing with the industry leader?s rules is competitive suicide?? If so, why? :: essays research papers

I agree with this statement. When it comes to trying to break into an industry and have a competitive payoff over the rest, the strategy we have to expend has to be distinctive. This means we have to come up with a antithetical approach to capture our customers to make them want to use our overlap rather than products from the industrys leaders. The best competitive position is always to have no competition. To achieve that level, organizations should not be following what the leaders ar doing instead they should formulate, implement and deploy a distinctive strategy that changes the rules of the business game in their favor. What wins in business is not in trying to out-muscle competitors, besides rather to out-think the competitors by brainpower. For prototype, there are three major international television networks in the world, CBS, NBC, and ABC. In the last thirty years or so, no(prenominal) of them have managed to get a monopoly of the television industry. However, in the last fifteen years, all three were over-taken by CNN. This is because the three networks were trying to gain competitive advantage by using the same strategies. Only CNN has a distinctive strategy. Instead of standard broadcasting, CNN went cable and satellite. Instead of going with variety programming, CNN went with news. Instead of staying domestic, CNN went global. And because of these very different strategies CNN is one of the major leaders in the television network industry, making about US$8 billion a year. Another similar example would be the airline industry. For the last fifteen years or so, CEOs of many major international airlines openly said how difficult it was to make savings in revenues and profits. Except one airline, whose operation has proven profitable since they start business activities in 1973 - Southwest Airlines of the US. This is more because Southwest is not very conventional in their approach or running an Airline business, Southwest Airlines have a d istinctive strategy, Some of their more significant strategies would be using a iodin aircraft instead of multiple aircraft and forgoing having a reservation system like most major airlines. However even though Southwests dodge is to be as plain and simple without all the frills other major airlines are offering, they are still the major leaders in the Airline industry This proves that in business if you are not the leader, never play the game according to the rules that the leader has set.

Alcohol Consumption in College :: Alcoholic Beverages Health College Essays

Alcohol Consumption in CollegeIncomplete PaperAlcoholic beverages such(prenominal) as beer can cause problems for more(prenominal) flock end-to-end look, but for college aged people intoxicant can cause the worst. In college mostpeople are being out on their own for the front time ever and having thatfreedom they have never had. Some problems caused by alcohol in college are, cast offing an assignment or class, or even death. swallow a beer a day has been found healthy, but in college that is never thecase. Not that everyone drinks or everyone drinks a lot but in that location is alwaysthat distinguish group that will drink more nights out of a week than not. And whenthat group drinks they drink heavily in order to be drunk. Problems occur with many an(prenominal) people who do drink very heavily because it impairs their ability to getthings done for many hours including the ones when drinking and after. Astudent may not understand class the day after drinking because he or she may beto uneasy or just exhausted from the drinking the night before. later on thestudent skips the first one it becomes easier and easier to skip classes,therefore it is more likely to happen oer and over again. Also when skippingclasses a student can miss anything from an important lecture to a test whichcan really hurt their grades. The final heavy(a) issue is the number of studentswho die every year from alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is caused byexcessive amounts of alcohol in the body. Some very common ways for studentsto get this is by doing shots of hard liqour or this instant the tool called a beerbong. Both involve swallowing a lot of alcohol very cursorily which is verydangerous for the body, and can many times train to being very ill or death.College is a huge part of every students life, and there is no reason to tryto ruin college or life by excessive drinking. Students need to understandthere is more to life than partying or departure out every night . Maybe if theschool did more near educating the students on the issues of drinking therewouldnt be so many binge drinkers. If that huge subject is due in a couple daysor there is class in the morning going out and partying is not going to dishwith either situation.alcohol to childrenFor years, the population has been exposed to different forms of media. Newspapers, magazines, television, films, radio, and more recently the Internet are ways of promoting ideas, spreading news, and advertising products.Alcohol Consumption in College Alcoholic Beverages Health College EssaysAlcohol Consumption in CollegeIncomplete PaperAlcoholic beverages such as beer can cause problems for many people throughoutlife, but for college aged people alcohol can cause the worst. In college mostpeople are being out on their own for the first time ever and having thatfreedom they have never had. Some problems caused by alcohol in college are,missing an assignment or class, or even death.Drinking a beer a day has been found healthy, but in college that is never thecase. Not that everyone drinks or everyone drinks a lot but there is alwaysthat select group that will drink more nights out of a week than not. And whenthat group drinks they drink heavily in order to be drunk. Problems occur withmany people who do drink very heavily because it impairs their ability to getthings done for many hours including the ones when drinking and after. Astudent may not attend class the day after drinking because he or she may beto sick or just exhausted from the drinking the night before. After thestudent skips the first one it becomes easier and easier to skip classes,therefore it is more likely to happen over and over again. Also when skippingclasses a student can miss anything from an important lecture to a test whichcan really hurt their grades. The final big issue is the number of studentswho die every year from alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is caused byexcessive amounts of alcohol in the body. Some very common ways for studentsto get this is by doing shots of hard liqour or now the tool called a beerbong. Both involve swallowing a lot of alcohol very quickly which is verydangerous for the body, and can many times lead to being very ill or death.College is a huge part of every students life, and there is no reason to tryto ruin college or life by excessive drinking. Students need to understandthere is more to life than partying or going out every night. Maybe if theschool did more about educating the students on the issues of drinking therewouldnt be so many binge drinkers. If that huge paper is due in a couple daysor there is class in the morning going out and partying is not going to helpwith either situation.alcohol to childrenFor years, the population has been exposed to different forms of media. Newspapers, magazines, television, films, radio, and more recently the Internet are ways of promoting ideas, spreading news, and advertising products.

It’s Immoral to Ban Human Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Its Immoral to Ban Human Cloning The Bush administration has declared itself unequivocally opposed to human cloning, whether for stem-cell investigate or reproduction. The moral and ethical issues posed by human cloning are profound and cannot be ignored in the quest for scientific discovery.The come before here is apparent until a scientist can satisfy the religiously minded, the scientist cannot proceed. Science functions by permission of religion. On this premise, we would not have anesthesia, birth control, or, arguably, the wheel.In a free society, the principle is not ban everything, then allow a few exceptions. Rather, the government cannot ban anything except acts that violate individual rights.But whose rights would be violated by human cloning?If the cloning is utilise for research, the product is a microscopic group of cells. One could argue about the status of a fetus in the late st bestrides of pregnancy, but there are no rational grounds for ascribing rights to a clu mp of cells in a Petri dish.If the cloning is used for reproduction, the result is a baby who exactly resembles, physically, someone else. Again, whose rights would that violate? If no ones, what is the justification for government even to consider stepping in to ban it?If you were cloned today, nine months from like a shot a woman would give birth to a baby with your genetic endowment. The cloned baby would be your identical twin, delayed a generation.Twins of the same age do not frighten us, so why should a twin separated by a generation? Some fear the specter of plentitude cloning of one individual, especially cloning of sadistic monsters, as in The Boys from Brazil, Ira Levins nightmarish projection of cadres of young Hitlers spawned from the dictators genes.The error here is philosophical study a person with his body. A persons essential self is his mind--that in him which thinks, values, and chooses. It is ones mind, not ones genes, that governs who one is. Man is the ratio nal animal. Ones basic choice is to think or not to think, in Ayn Rands phrase, and the conclusions, values, and character of individuals depend upon the extent and rationality of their thinking.Genes provide the capacity to reason, but the exercise and guidance of that capacity is up to each individual, from the birth of his abstract thought mind in infancy through the rest of his life.Neither genes nor environment can implant ideas in a childs mind and make him accept them.

It’s Immoral to Ban Human Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Its Immoral to Ban Human Cloning The Bush administration has declared itself unequivocally opposed to human cloning, whether for stem-cell research or reproduction. The moral and ethical issues posed by human cloning are profound and can non be unheeded in the quest for scientific discovery.The premise here is apparent until a scientist can satisfy the religiously minded, the scientist cannot proceed. Science functions by permission of religion. On this premise, we would not have anesthesia, birth control, or, arguably, the wheel.In a free society, the principle is not ban everything, then allow a few besidesions. Rather, the government cannot ban anything except acts that violate individual rights.But whose rights would be violated by human cloning?If the cloning is used for research, the product is a microscopic group of cells. unmatched could argue about the status of a fetus in the late stages of pregnancy, but there are no rational grounds for ascribing rights to a thumping of cells in a Petri dish.If the cloning is used for reproduction, the result is a baby who exactly resembles, physically, someone else. Again, whose rights would that violate? If no ones, what is the justification for government even to determine stepping in to ban it?If you were cloned today, nine months from now a woman would give birth to a baby with your genetic endowment. The cloned baby would be your identical twin, retard a times.Twins of the same age do not frighten us, so why should a twin separated by a generation? Some fear the specter of mass cloning of one individual, especially cloning of sadistic monsters, as in The Boys from Brazil, Ira Levins nightmarish projection of cadres of newborn Hitlers spawned from the dictators genes.The error here is philosophical equating a person with his body. A persons essential self is his mind--that in him which thinks, values, and chooses. It is ones mind, not ones genes, that governs who one is. Man is the rational animal. One s elementary choice is to think or not to think, in Ayn Rands phrase, and the conclusions, values, and character of individuals depend upon the extent and rationality of their thinking.Genes provide the readiness to reason, but the exercise and guidance of that capacity is up to each individual, from the birth of his reasoning mind in infancy through the rest of his life.Neither genes nor environment can implant ideas in a childs mind and make him accept them.

Introduction to Matlab

CHAPTER-5SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONMATLAB is a high-performance linguistic communication for proficient com coiffureer science. It integrates calculation, optic encounter, and programming in an easy-to- function environment where jobs and solutions argon expressed in familiar mathematical notation. Typical utilizations include math and calculationAlgorithm developmentModeling, simulation, and prototypingData analysis, geographic expedition, and visual imageScientific and technology art defecatesApplication development, including graphical user port edificeMATLAB is an synergistic system whose basic information component is an array that does non necessitate dimensioning. This allows you to work out many proficient calculating jobs, particularly those with hyaloplasm and transmitter preparations, in a fraction of the clip it would take to compose a plan in a scalar noninteractive linguistic communication much(prenominal) as C or FORTRAN.The name MATLAB stands for matrix research lab. MATLAB was originally written to supply easy entree to matrix package developed by the LINPACK and EISPACK undertakings. Today, MATLAB uses package developed by the LAPACK and ARPACK undertakings, which to waste ones timeher represent the state-of-the-art in package for matrix calculation.MATLAB has evolved over a period of old ages with input from many users. In university environments, it is the standard instructional tool for introductory and advanced classs in mathematics, technology, and scientific discipline. In industry, MATLAB is the tool of pick for high-productivity research, development, and analysis.MATLAB features a household of application-specific solutions called tool chests. Very of conditional relation to near users of MATLAB, toolboxes let you to larn and use specialised engineering. Toolboxs are comprehensive assemblys of MATLAB maps ( M-files ) that extend the MATLAB environment to work out peculiar categories of jobs. Areas in which toolboxes are obt pers onalable include signal processing, control systems, nervous webs, fuzzed logic, ripples, simulation, and many others.The MATLAB SystemThe MATLAB system consists of five chief partsDevelopment Environment. This is the set of tools and installations that help you use MATLAB maps and files. Many of these tools are graphical user interfaces. It includes the MATLAB desktop and Command window, a bid history, and browsers for sing aid, the workspace, files, and the hunt way.The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library. This is a huge aggregation of computational algorithms overflowing from simple maps like amount, sine, cosine, and complex arithmetic, to more sophisticated maps like matrix opposite, matrix characteristic root of a square matrixs, Bessel maps, and fast Fourier changes.The MATLAB Language. This is a high-ranking matrix/array linguistic communication with control flow statements, maps, informations constructions, input/output, and object-oriented scheduling characteristics. It allows both scheduling in the little to quickly own speedy and soiled throw-away plans, and scheduling in the big to make eject big and complex application plans.Handle Graphics. This is the MATLAB artworks system. It includes high-ranking bids for planar and 3-dimensional informations visual image, image processing, life, and presentation artworks. It besides includes low-level bids that allow you to to the full custom-make the visual aspect of artworks every hour good as to construct complete graphical user interfaces on your MATLAB applications.The MATLAB Application Program Interface ( API ) .This is a library that allows you to compose C and FORTRAN plans that interact with MATLAB. It include installations for assignment modus operandis from MATLAB ( dynamic linking ) , naming MATLAB as a computational engine, and for reading and composing MAT-files.DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTIntroductionThis chapter provides a brief debut to get downing and discontinuing MATLAB, and th e tools and maps that help you to work with MATLAB variables and files. For more information about the subjects covered here, see the corresponding subjects under Development Environment in the MATLAB certification, which is available online every bit good as in print.Get downing and Discontinuing MATLABGet downing MATLABOn a Microsoft Windows platform, to get down MATLAB, double-click the MATLAB cutoff icon on your Windows desktop.On a UNIX platform, to get down MATLAB, oddball matlab at the operating system prompt. After get downing MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop opens see MATLAB Desktop.You stop alter the directory in which MATLAB starts, specify inaugural options including legislatening a book upon startup, and cut down startup clip in some state of affairss.Discontinuing MATLABTo stop your MATLAB session, choice Exit MATLAB from the deposit crown of fare in the desktop, or type quit in the Command Window. To put to death specified maps each clip MATLAB quits, such as salvagi ng the workspace, you can make and run a finish.m book.MATLAB DesktopWhen you start MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop appears, incorporating tools ( graphical user interfaces ) for pull offing files, variables, and applications associated with MATLAB.The first clip MATLAB starts, the desktop appears as shown in the undermentioned illustration, although your demonstrate Pad may incorporate different entries.You can alter the manner your desktop expressions by gap, shutting, surviveing, and resizing the tools in it. You can besides travel tools outside of the desktop or return them back inside the desktop ( docking ) . All the desktop tools provide common characteristics such as linguistic context bill of fare and keyboard cutoffs.You can stipulate certain features for the desktop tools by choosing Preferences from the File bill of fare. For illustration, you can stipulate the fount features for Command Window text. For more information, snap the Help button in the Preferences duologue box .Desktop ToolsThis subdivision provides an debut to MATLAB s desktop tools. You can besides utilize MATLAB maps to carry out most of the characteristics found in the desktop tools. The tools areCurrent Directory BrowserWorkspace Browser stray foreshortenorEditor/DebuggerCommand WindowCommand HistoryLaunch PadHelp BrowserCommand Window habituate the Command Window to come in variables and run maps and M-files.Figure 5.1 Basic Window of MatlabCommand HistoryLines you enter in the Command Window are logged in the Command History window. In the Command History, you can see previously used maps, and transcript and execute selected lines. To salvage the input and end product from a MATLAB session to a file, use the diary map.Runing External ProgramsYou can run external plans from the MATLAB Command Window. The exclaiming point character is a shell flight and indicates that the remainder of the input line is a bid to the operating system. This is effective for raising public-service co rporations or running other plans without discontinuing MATLAB. On Linux, for illustration emacs magik.m invokes an editor called emacs for a file named magik.m. When you quit the external plan, the operating system returns command to MATLAB.Launch PadMATLAB Launch Pad provides easy entree to tools, demos, and certification.Help BrowserUse the Help browser to seek and see certification for all your Math Works merchandises. The Help browser is a Web browser integrated into the MATLAB desktop that displays HTML paperss.To open the Help browser, snap the aid button in the toolbar, or type aid browser in the Command Window. The Help browser consists of two window glasss, the Help Navigator, which you use to happen information, and the show window glass, where you view the information.Help NavigatorUse to Help Navigator to happen information. It includesMerchandise filter Set the filter to demo certification merely for the merchandises you specify.Contentss recrudesce ready the rubrics and tabular arraies of contents of certification for your merchandises.Index delay Discovery specific index entries ( selected keywords ) in the Math Works certification for your merchandises.Search check Expression for a specific phrase in the certification. To acquire aid for a specific map, set the Search type to Function Name.Favorites tab Position a list of paperss you antecedently designated as favourites.Display PaneAfter happening certification utilizing the Help Navigator, position it in the show window glass. eon sing the certification, you canBrowse to other pages Use the pointers at the tops and undersides of the pages, or utilize the dorsum and forward buttons in the toolbar.Bookmark pages Chink the amplify to Favorites button in the toolbar.Print pages Chink the print button in the toolbar. take place a condition in the page Type a term in the Find in page field in the toolbar and chink Go.Other characteristics available in the show window glass are write informa tion, measuring a choice, and sing Web pages.Current Directory BrowserMATLAB file operations use the current directory and the hunt way as mention points. both file you want to run must either be in the current directory or on the hunt way.Search PathTo find how to put to death maps you call, MATLAB uses a search way to happen M-files and other MATLAB-related files, which are organized in directories on your file system. Any file you want to run in MATLAB must shack in the current directory or in a directory that is on the hunt way. By default, the files supplied with MATLAB and Math Works tool chests are included in the hunt way.Workspace BrowserThe MATLAB workspace consists of the set of variables ( named arrays ) built up during a MATLAB session and stored in memory. You add variables to the workspace by utilizing maps, running M-files, and lading rescue workspaces.To see the workspace and information about each variable, use the Workspace browser, or utilize the maps who and W orld Health Organization.To cancel variables from the workspace, select the variable and choice Delete from the Edit bill of fare. Alternatively, utilize the clear map.Array EditorDouble-click on a variable in the Workspace browser to see it in the Array Editor. Use the Array Editor to see and redact a ocular representation of one- or planar numeral arrays, strings, and cell arrays of strings that are in the workspace.Editor/DebuggerUse the Editor/Debugger to make and debug M-files, which are plans you write to run MATLAB maps. The Editor/Debugger provides a graphical user interface for basic text redaction, every bit good as for M-file debugging.You can utilize any text editor to make M-files, such as Emacs, and can utilize penchants ( accessible from the desktop File bill of fare ) to stipulate that editor as the default. If you use another editor, you can still utilize the MATLAB Editor/Debugger for debugging, or you can utilize debugging maps, such as dbstop, which sets a breakp oint.MANIPULATING MatrixsEntering MatrixsThe best manner for you to acquire started with MATLAB is to larn how to manage matrices. Start MATLAB and follow along with each illustration.You can come in matrices into MATLAB in several different waysEnter an expressed list of elements.Load matrices from external informations files.Generate matrices utilizing constitutional maps.Create matrices with your ain maps in M-files.Start by come ining Durer s matrix as a list of its elements. You have merely to follow a few basic conventionsSeparate the elements of a row with spaces or commas.Use a semicolon, , to indicate the terminal of each row.Surround the full list of elements with square brackets, .5.6 Matlab DIP Toolbox InstructionsMatlab digital image processing tool chest is able to execute a big various(a) image processing undertakings. There are two of import I/O instructions ( imread and imwrite ) to lade and salvage images with assorted extensions. Usual data type of images is 8 spot unsigned whole number which is non conventional for matlab. Major portion of maps deal with dual type variables. accordingly, it is recommended to alteration over image matrix to duplicate informations type utilizing dual direction. Instruction manuals as imshow and use signifier purely obey such dynamic cooking stove restraints. three types of images are defined in matlab comment, grey and indexed. For each pel of a colour image, 3 bytes are dedicated to colour constituents. It is possible to transform good known colour infinites withmakecformandapplycform. A particular instance of grey images is black and white images with merely two lastingness degrees. The last image type is indexed image in which each pel has an index umpiring to an specific colour in associated colour map. Color infinite transforms are besides applicable to colourise maps while colour maps besides obey dual and uint8 dynamic scopes. except for pull outing colour image from grey or BW images ( which has its ain ambiguity ) , there are maps to change over other images.The often used Image Processing tool box instructions are shown beneathImshowDisplay imageImreadRead image from artworks fileImwriteWrite image to artworks fileImfinfoInformation about artworks fileImnoiseAdd noise to imageImcropCrop imageImresizeResize imageImrotateRotate imageImsaveSave Image ToolMakecformCreate colour transmutation constructionApplycformApply device-independent colour infinite transmutationgray2indConvert grayscale or binary image to indexed imageind2grayConvert indexed image to grayscale imagemat2grayConvert matrix to grayscale imagergb2grayConvert RGB image or colour map to grayscaleind2rgbConvert indexed image to RGB imagelabel2rgbConvert label matrix into RGB imagemultithreshMultilevel image thresholds utilizing Otsu ?s methodim2bwConvert image to binary image, based on thresholdgraythreshGlobal image threshold utilizing Otsu s methodgraysliceConvert grayscale image to indexed image utili zing multilevel thresholdingim2doubleConvert image to duplicate precisenessim2int16Convert image to 16-bit signed whole numbersim2java2dConvert image to Java buffered imageim2singleConvert image to individual precisenessim2uint16Convert image to 16-bit unsigned whole numbersim2uint8Convert image to 8-bit unsigned whole numbersimadjustAdjust image strength values or colormapimcontrastAdjust Contrast toolimsharpenSharpen image utilizing un crisp coverhisteqEnhance contrast utilizing histogram equalisationadapthisteqContrast-limited adaptative histogram equalisation ( CLAHE )bwmorphMorphological operations on binary imagesbwareaArea of objects in binary imagebwulterodeUltimate erodingbwareaopenRemove little objects from binary imageim closelippedMorphologically close imageimdilateDilate imageimerodeErode imageimfillFill image parts and holesimopenMorphologically unfastened imageimcloseMorphologically close imagestrelCreate morphological structuring component ( STREL )subimageDisplay mu ltiple images in individual figureimmovieMake film from multiframe imageimplayPlay films, pictures, or image sequencesimwarpApply geometric transmutation to imageimdisplayrangeDisplay string toolimdistlineDistance toolimroiRegion-of-interest ( ROI ) base categoryimpixelregionPixel Region toolimellipseCreate draggable ovalimpolyCreate draggable, resizable polygonal shapeimrectCreate draggable rectangleimfreehandCreate draggable freehand partimlineCreate draggable, resizable lineimpointCreate draggable pointRoipolySpecify polygonal part of occasion ( ROI )poly2maskConvert part of involvement ( ROI ) polygon to part maskroicolorSelect part of involvement ( ROI ) based on colourroifillFill in specified part of involvement ( ROI ) polygon in grayscale imageroifilt2Filter part of involvement ( ROI ) in imageimshowpairCompare differences between imagesIntroduction to MatlabLab 1 Introduction to MATLAB and Simulink Objectives 1. The student should be able to actualize the used of Matlab simulation package for analysis. 2. The student should be able to understand the used of simulink tool to analyse a given system. Part A Matlab programming 1) Use MATLAB to generate the transfer function G(s) = 5(s+15)(s+26)(s+72) s(s+55)(s+47)(s+56)(s+89) in the following ways The ratio of factors (i) (ii) The ratio of polynomials (b) Test the transfer function for (i) Stability Step response. crest time? Settling time? % Overshoot? (ii) (iii) Steady state error for a unit smell input 1 Part B Simulink tool. ) Find the transfer function T(s) = C(s)/R(s) for the system shown in Figure 1. Given that G1(s) = 1/(s+7), G2(s) = 1/(s2+2s+3), G3(s) = 1/(s+4), G4 = 1/s G5(s) = 5/(s+7), G6(s) = 1/(s2 + 5s+10), G7=3/(s+2) and G8 = 1/(s+6). Hint Use the connect and blkbuild commands in MATLABs Control System Toolbox (a) Analyse the system for stability, steady-state error and time response to a unit step input, a unit ramp input and a hyperbolic input. (b) Connect the blocks in SIMULINK and verify for the time response obtained in (a) . G8(s) G6(s) R(s) G1(s) + + + G3(s) + G7(s) + G2(s) + + G4(s) + C(s) G5(s) Figure 1 2

Introductory Awareness of Sensory Loss Essay

in that location ar a range of positionors, both negative and positive that tush occur with an someone with arresting acquittance. A positive factor wad be that the individual allow for gain a lot of support to help them deal with their arresting loss and how they will be able to move forward. Negative factors are that the individual wont be able to perform activities they whitethorn collect been able to do so in the past, for utilisation general duties around the house or performing hobbies they enjoy etc. Steps that can be taken to outmatch factors that have a negative impact on an individual with a sensational loss are things such as support to help them redress with their sensorial loss, for example a hearing aid for an individual with hearing loss, a walking aid for someone with a sight loss. Individuals with a sensory loss can be disabled by attitudes and beliefs as people assume be clear they have a sensory loss they should be treated differently. For example an individual with a hearing loss, people will assume they need to shout so this individual can hear them when as a fact they are able to lip read etc. To overcome disabling attitudes and beliefs is to basically educate the individual about sensory loss.Read more set the main causes of sensory loss essay essence 2 Understand the importance of effective communication for individuals with sensory lossWhen communicating with an individual with a sight loss, people need to consider how much if any that the individual can see. Once this is established then they will know the best behavior to communicate with the individual whether this be with talking to the individual or using touch. Also the same with an individual with a hearing loss, whether they need to use pictures as the individual may not hear at all, or to use a loud tone of voice but making sure they are not shouting at the individual. When communicating with an individual with deafblindness, people need to consider that the individual hasnt got what most people use to communicate with.There are ways around this as these individuals learn to communicate with their other senses such as touch and smell. Effective communication can have a positive impact on lives of individuals with sensory loss as they will feel they are able to communicate with others, as they will have aids or ways of being able to communicate. Also if the individual is becoming ill they will be able to communicate with someone to tell them what is wrong. The individual may also become happier within themselves as they are able to communicate. Information can be made accessible to an individual with a sensory loss as there are different aids available, such as audio books for those individuals with a sensory loss. Individuals with a hearing loss may be able to read, also Braille is available to use, and this may be used by an individual with both a hearing and sight loss.Outcome 3 Know the main causes and conditions of sensory lossThe m ain causes of sensory loss can be due to old age, as some one-time(a) people can become hard of hearing. Also cataracts can be a cause of sight loss along with old age. Another cause could be that the individual has a medical issue which has caused them to have a sensory loss, such as being born with a number of problems which can cause a sensory loss. The difference between congenital and acquired sensory loss is that congenital sensory loss is when an individual is born with a sensory loss whereas acquired sensory loss has developed as a result of ageing, serious injury or illness. 45% of the general public is likely to have a sensory loss.Outcome 4 know how to recognise when an individual may be experiencing sight and/or hearing lossIndicators and signs ofSight loss bumping into things when walking, falling over a lot. Sitting too close to the TV, when reading having the book or newspaper too close to the face. Hearing loss having the TV on a loud volume, getting people to repea t themselves because they have not heard. Deafblindness all of the above listed.Additional advice and support of sensory loss can be sourced from the individuals GP. There are also charities out there that offer support to individuals with sensory loss.Outcome 5 know how to report concerns about sensory lossWhen concerns arise that an individual may have a sight and/or hearing loss we report them to our office to report our concerns, also perchance express them to the individuals family that we have concerns.

African American Discrimination Essay

African Americans and Discrimination Originally from Sub-Sahara Africa, thousands of African Americans were kidnapped and brought over to and sold in the joined States during the Atlantic Slavery Trade. By 1860, before the Civil War, 3.5 million African Americans lived as slaves, mostly in the S forthhern United States. More than 500,000 lived as at large(p) persons in 33 states across the United States (2008). Today, many African Americans believed to have come from European American or Native American heritage. They believe to be direct descendants of captive Africans who were enslaved. The original Africans were not given the chance to colonize or immigrate to the United States they were hunted down and chained unneurotic like animals, stacked on top of each other on the bottom of the ship, and sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to a deportment they were not accustom to- slavery. January 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation declaring freedom for African Ame rican slaves in slavery states. Following the signing of the bill, African Americans started facing even more(prenominal) problems with racial discrimination, segregation, racism, and prejudice. African Americans were beaten, put in jail, put to death, and denied basic human rights.To say African Americans were racially discriminated against only because of the color of their skin is an understatement. They were also racially discriminated against because of their sex, their religion, and their social class. During the last decade of the 19th century, racial violence and racial discrimination dramatically increased against African Americans. African Americans were not allowed to anything white the great unwashed considered to be for whites only. They could not join any white organizations, attend any white schools, eat at white restaurants, or work at white establishments. Voting rights were stripped away, economic opportunities were denied, and suitable housing was not an option f or them. In some areas in the South, African Americans couldnt even idolization at their own church or attend their own schools. African Americans were kept in a state of illiteracy and treated as if they were indifferent to whites. Life conditions were hard in the South for whites, new immigrants, and former slaves that brought about the Great Migration to the Northernstates.African Americans went to the North searching for a promising life full of freedom, personifyity, and prosperity (2008). Between 1954 and 1968, the Civil Rights movement fought to abolish racial discrimination in the South. African American political leaders sought out ways to gain equality for blacks. Civil Rights programs were designed to enable people to become full citizens (Sykes, 1995). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 covered discrimination based on race, color, creed, national origin, and sex (Schaefer 2006). The United States Constitution was written to give Americans, not just African Americans, legal rights. The first amendment gave people the freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, and press, the fourth amendment guaranteed equal protection under the law, the thirteenth amendment made slavery illegal, and the fifteenth amendment forbids racial discrimination in access to voting. It took quite a few years for everyone to stick used to having their newfound freedom. In the early 20th century, African Americans were pipe down struggling for equality among whites in the workplace, education, income status, and social class.Many people are still being passed over for promotions because they are not what corporate America wants. Women have been pushed to the ass of the line and given the lowest paying position resulting in biramous jeopardy (the subordinate status twice defined, as experienced by women of color) (Schaefer 2006). The glass ceiling, glass walls, and glass escalator (barriers that prevent the promotion of a equal worker because of gender or race) effect has made an impact in the workplace with African American men and women as well. Whites have been given the stovepipe of everything over African Americans- positions, salary, housing, education, and political power.To help fight for change, affirmative action was created. Affirmative action (positive efforts to recruit subordinate group members, including women, for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities) (Schaefer 2006), gave power back to the African American people. Today, African Americans have broken down barriers and achieved great success in several areas of life such as buying houses, acquire college educations, obtaining high paying jobs, and joining distinguished groups. Not all discriminatory acts have been abolished completely African Americans are still facing subtle antiblack acts against them that they tend to go unreported or unnoticed. As long as people continue to fight for positive change it can be achieved.ReferencesAfrican American contributors. (2008). Afri can Americans. New World Encyclopedia Sykes, M. (1995). Origins of affirmative action. National Organization for Women. National NOW Times.Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Racial and ethnic groups (10th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.

Global Warming: Effects and Impacts

pic Introduction Global melt is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in late decades and its projected continuation. In principle, global warming is neutral as to the period or causes, but in both common and scientific usage the term generally refers to recent warming and implies a human influence.Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, which leads to warming of the surface and lower atmosphere by increase the greenhouse effect caused by gases which atomic number 18 released by activities much(prenominal) as the burning of fossil cans, land clearing, and agriculture. The predicted effectuate of global warming for the environment and for human life are numerous and varied.The main effect is an increasing global average temperature. From this flow a variety of resulting effects, namely, risin g sea levels, altered patterns of agriculture, increased extreme point weather events, and the expansion of the range of tropical diseases. In some cases, the effects may already be occurring, although it is generally difficult to attribute specific natural phenomena to long-term global warming.Examples of projected humor salmagundis include, strong slowing of the ocean circulation that transports warm irrigate to the North Atlantic, large reductions in the Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Sheets, accelerated global warming due to speed of light cycle feedbacks in the terrestrial biosphere, and releases of terrestrial carbon from permafrost regions and methane from hydrates in coastal sediments. Global warming controversy The global warming controversy is a consider ab aside the causes of observed global warming since the mid-20th century, as well as the expected magnitude and consequences of future warming.A major part of the debate centers slightly what actions, if any, soc iety should take in response to the prospect of future warming. Some of the main areas of controversy include 1. Whether the temper is changing beyond natural variations in the historical temperature record 2. Whether human/industrial activity is responsible for the channelize and if so, to what extent 3. The effect of predicted depletion of fossil fuels, both individually as e. g. oil runs out and users turn to the higher polluting coal and overall as to whether in that location are sufficient available reserves to cause the more extreme climate modification scenarios 4.The effectiveness of policies to reduce CO2 emissions 5. The size of future changes in climate 6. The regional effects of climate change 7. The consequences of climate change Among climate scientists in that respect is little disagreement that global warming is primarily anthropogenic, but the debate continues in the popular media and on a policy level. Questions include whether there is a scientific consensus on the extent and rate of anthropogenic global warming, and in particular whether there is sufficient evidence to justify immediate and far-reaching actions to ameliorate its effects.Those who take much(prenominal) a consensus exists express a wide range of opinions some merely recognize the validity of the observed increases in temperature, while others support measures such as the Kyoto Protocol which are intended to reduce the magnitude of future global warming. Still others believe that environmental legal injury go away be so severe that immediate steps must be taken to reduce carbon dioxide and methane emissions, even if the precise results are un gon, and even if there are existent economic costs to doing so.One example of an attempt to force action is the Sierra Club suing the U. S. government over failure to raise automobile fuel efficiency standards, and thereby decrease carbon dioxide emissions. Most of the consequences of global warming would result from one of thre e physical changes sea level rise, higher local anesthetic temperatures, and changes in rainfall patterns. Sea level is generally expected to rise 50-200 cm in the next century. Erode recreational beaches 100-200 meters, exacerbate coastal inundate and increase the salinity of aquifers and estuaries. o enhance beneficial impacts, but will incur costs and will not prevent all damages. Extremes, variability, and rates of change are all key features in addressing vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, not simply changes in average climate conditions. Human and natural systems will to some degree adapt autonomously to climate change. Planned adaptation can supplement autonomous adaptation, though there are more options and greater mishap for offering incentives in the case of adaptation of human systems than in the case of adaptation to protect natural systems.Poorer nations The ability of human systems to adapt to and cope with climate change depends on such factors as wealt h, technology, education, information, skills, infrastructure, access to resources, and management capabilities. There is potential for developed and developing countries to enhance and/or acquire adaptive capabilities. Populations and communities are highly variable in their endowments with these attributes, and the developing countries, particularly the least developed countries, are generally poorest in this regard.As a result, they have lesser ability to adapt and are more vulnerable to climate change damages, just as they are more vulnerable to other vehemencees. This condition is most extreme among the poorest people. Historic adaptation Some of those who argue for adaptation to global warming do so with the side that human civilization has proven to be highly adaptable to climate change in the past and therefore will likely be able to adapt to climate change in the future.The counterargument to this perspective is that the costs of adaptation are much higher than in the pa st due to the greater investment in urban and industrial infrastructure. In the past, cities could be relocated largely by having the populace pack up their possessions on their backs, on pack animals or wagons and relocate. Modern cities the size of Bristol or Liverpool cannot be relocated easily even with the use of truck, air and rail transport. The damage suffered by New Orleans by hurricane Katrina provides some perspective as to the potential damage that can be caused by a rise in sea level.Far more technology and resources are available today. Our organizational and communication interlingual rendition mechanisms The following 9 fundamental principles can be considered when designing adaptation policy. 1. The effects of climate change vary by region. 2. The effects of climate change may vary across demographic groups. 3. Climate change poses both risks and opportunities. 4. The effects of climate change must be considered in the context of treble stressors and factors, whi ch may be as important to the design of adaptive responses as the sensitivity of the change. 5.Adaptation comes at a cost. 6. Adaptive responses vary in effectiveness, as demonstrated by current efforts to cope with climate variability. 7. The systemic nature of climate impacts complicates the development of adaptation policy. 8. Mal-adaptation can result in negative effects that are as serious as the climate-induced effects that are being avoided. 9. Many opportunities for adaptation make sense whether or not the effects of climate change are realized. Methods of adaptation Agricultural production Agriculture of any kind is strongly influenced by the availability of water.Climate change will characterize rainfall, evaporation, runoff, and soil moisture storage. Changes in total seasonal precipitation or in its pattern of variability are both important. The occurrence of moisture stress during flowering, pollination, and grain-filling is harmful to most crops and particularly so to corn, soybeans, and wheat. Increased evaporation from the soil and accelerated transpiration in the plants themselves will cause moisture stress as a result there will be a need to develop crop varieties with greater drought tolerance.The demand for water for irrigation is projected to rise in a warmer climate, bringing increased competition between agriculturealready the largest consumer of water resources in semiarid regionsand urban as well as industrial users. Falling water tables and the resulting increase in the energy needed to pump water will make the practice of irrigation more expensive, particularly when with air-dry conditions more water will be required per acre. Crop development models In order to further study effects of global warming on agriculture, other ypes of models, such as crop development models, yield prediction, quantities of water or fertilizer consumed, can be used. Such models condense the knowledge pile up of the climate, soil, and effects observed o f the results of various agricultural practices. They gum olibanum could make it possible to test strategies of adaptation to modifications of the environment. Because these models are necessarily simplifying natural conditions (often based on the laying claim that weeds, disease and insect pests are controlled), it is not clear whether the results they give will have an in-field reality.However, some results are partly validated with an increasing number of observational results. Other models, such as insect and disease development models based on climate projections are also used (for example simulation of aphid reverberation or septoria (cereal fungal disease) development). Urban areas One strategy involves adapting urban areas to increasingly severe storms by increasing domestic, unpaved gardens etc and increasing the capacity of storm water systems (and also separating storm water from black water so that overflows in peak periods do not contaminate rivers).Weather Control Also there are methods like seeding of the sulphur in the clouds to have rain when it is required. The control can be better enhanced by adopting genetical methods of agriculture, green roofs in urban areas etc where the fewer fertilizers and less water is used and at the same time the food production is increased thereby increasing the greenery and thus bettering the CO2 sink capacity. Conclusion As discussed in the paper we will like to again focus on the importance of adaptation to global warming as a very strong factor.It is essential that the mitigation efforts continue towards solving the problem but for practical purposes we all very well know that it alone can never accomplish this feat even if it had very large financial resources at its behest. So the best way to survive in nature is to accept it since Charles Darwin rightly said that its only the fittest and most adaptable whom the nature will select to stay along with. Hence it will be good if we understand the fact that its we who need to adapt to the nature, much sooner than later rather than expecting the reverse by putting in spacious sums of money in terms of technological measures.

Enlightenment Vs Romanticism

Enlightenment vs. Romanticism The enlightenment was an 18th century movement that emphasized reason to change society and advance knowledge. The enlightenment changed how quite a little all over Europe, and new-fashionedr North America, thought about religion, hierarchy, monarchy, and science. People began to question the church and there was a loss of unity in the Christian church. It was a time in which people began to think more about themselves without the influence of the government and their church. The enlightenment brought an age of rational, scientific and secular thinking. TheEnlightenment resulted in great freedom and more humane treatment for all somebodys as well as the scientific process. Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late 18th century. It emphasized on individuals expression of emotions and imagination. Some people see it as the opening to modernity and others see it as the as the beginning of a tradition of resistance to t he enlightenment. I see Romanticism as the new movement for cultural and aesthetic values and the rise of individualism. The way I generalise it, enlightenment is more about basic morality and knowledge.Romanticism is more self-oriented, more about self-discovery. If I had to choose to which side I favor the most Id go with the enlightenment because I believe more about that man are created equal and that education is important. However I can also favor love story because I believe every individual deserves freedom but also need to follow the rules so that we can be an orderly society. Hollywood criminalize During the sass to sass moral censorship guidelines were established for many films produced by major studios in the United States.During the early sass there ere numerous of films that were virtuously questionable because they contained hardcore words, mature subject, and sexually suggestive dialogue. This lead to the creation of the motion picture production label, which es tablished a series of restrictions to the production of films in the US. The church had to get involved on this subject because they were scared that their people would be morally hit. They turned in a list of the things that had to be qualified in the studios. Many of the restrictions were implemented because the studios didnt want the government to intervene.Many films even promoted traditional values that crime and sexual elations were not attractive. Films showed that crimes had to be punished. Like in the movie surface the producers had to change the ending multiple times, the character was brought into trial at last. The studios worked under code for several decades until the sass when explicit films started appearing again and consequently in 1968 the code was dismissed and a new way of classifying films was established such as G for general, M for mature, and so on. I believe that the code was a good way to minimize crime because I think violent movies do a commit crimes. T us and make individual

Your Favourite Hobby

YOUR FAVOURITE HOBBY Introduction Hobby means any micturate of amusement or pleasant occupation. It is also a pleasant pastime, which breaks the monotony of routine brio. It refreshes ones mined as well as frame after toile. Hobby is not ones main profession but it is not less important than ones main business. populace runs his main business out of sheer necessity but man pursues by-line for sheer delight. In our practical life, every man has a hobby and every man should keep a hobby in his life.Choice of hobbies Different people have different choice of hobbies. Example of some popular hobbies be such as, gardening, reading, fishing, hunting, painting, singing, sewing, doll making, flowering making, sculpture making, coin collecting, angling and so many. Hobbies of great men If we study the history of great men of the world, we will consider that almost every had a hobby. Depending upon that hobby everyman enjoys pleasure and refreshness. Many great men of the world had th eir hobbies.They took the hobbies as the ways of removing the monotony of their lives. Alexander, Washington, Napoleon, Tolstoy, Rabindranath, Bernard Shaw- all had their hobbies. My hobby gardening I am a student. Though my main function is to study, I have a hobby. My favourite hobby is gardening. There is a small pick of land in front of my reading room. I am very lucky to have a plot of land for my garden. I have decided to sack up a garden there. So I clean it and fence around it.I have to work hard for my garden. At first, I make the acres loose with the help of a spade. When the soil is ready, I plant various types of flower plants and sow seeds there. When many seasonal flowers bloom in my garden, fragrance fills the convey and comes into our house. The pleasant hue of the flowers dazzles my eyes. It reminds me the lines Mind is your garden, Ideas are your seedsLife is the season To sow all your needs. My activities in the garden I work in my garden in the dawn and in the evening. I make the soil loose with spade and weed out the grass. I plant new flower plants in it. I water system the plants and take good care of them. I am happy to do all these with my own hands. The reason foe selecting Among all other hobbies, I have chosen gardening as my hobby because it gives me more pleasure than any other things.I need physical exercise because of making my body active and strong. If I work in the garden, I do not need extra physical exercise. Considering above-mentioned argument, I have selected gardening as my favourite hobby. utility program I have got much benefit from my garden. Before making my garden, I was sick and weak. But now, my health has been improved as I work in my garden. As a result, I posses a sound health. I give flowers to my neighbours to decorate their houses and gates on some special occasions. Then I buy the farm very glad and happy.Besides, I grow vegetables in my garden, which saves a lot of family expenses. Conclusion My hobby is a source of joy and pleasure, health and wealth to me. It makes my life enjoyable. Really, I am very happy and delighted choosing a hobby like gardening. So I think everybody should have a hobby to make his life happy and merry. But we should guard ourselves against those hobbies, which have no practical utility in life. This is why I keep a harmony amid my hobby and duty so that my hobby would be meaningful in my practical life. THE END

Manging theories and globalization Essay

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to discuss whether general administrative theories argon relevant to managing modern ball-shaped schemes. It shall be argued that general administrative theories atomic number 18 a basic outline for managers in modern world(prenominal) organisations to give ear to, rather than a guide that should be strictly followed while ignoring circumstances that surround the outside environment of the organisation.IntroductionManagers these days are constantly be challenged with so many different obstacles, not only within the environment of the business, but from many otherwise exterior sources that may affect their decisions on a daily basis.The early 19th century brought about a number of administrative theorists who defined certain guidelines that perplexity should consider using to achieve mastery in the organisation. These theories helped to shape businesses in the in the beginning years and are now simply a foundation for managers to utilise, i f requisite. However, with globalisation and the ever broadening issues in the tender-heartedity today, such theories will not necessarily be efficient, effective, or relevant in the same organisation in one part of the world, to another on the other side of the globe. In addition to globalisation, there are many internal and extraneous forces that are constantly evolving and unfolding, forcing involuntary transfigureations of the way objectives may be achieved by managers. For any organisation accomplish their goals it is vital for management to focus on potpourris that occur inside and outside the organisation, and not just theories that are evenhandedly out dated or are not necessarily related to todays global companies and environmental issues.General Administration TheoriesHenri Fayol (1841-1925) was a French management theorist who introduced scientific organisational guidelines of labour, which had a great influence on organisations at the start of the 20th century. Fa yol was the first to identify the functions of management which are managing, planning, organising, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. In 1917 he introduced the xiv principles of management in French and then later on published them in English in 1949. (Wikipedia Encyclopaedia 2006). Fayols fourteen principles were a great beginning in defining what management should consider doing in general, especially throughout the industrial age where it was extensively utilised.It is proposed by pursuit (2001. p.1) that the world of work is being transformed at an unprecedented rate, placing increasing pressure on individuals to adapt to the changes around them and to cope with the challenges that emerge from these changes. Fayols theories are now being referred to as classical administration or Old prevalent Administration a constructst what is now being utilised in the world, New Public Management (Olsen 2002). With endless research since the 1900, there still has not been any ext ensive hypothesises on what managers or leaders do and no clear say on what good managers do that is unique. These individuals are believed to have a special visionary and driving force which allows them to inspire their employees to greater efforts, usually resulting in ungodly performance turnarounds (Craig & Yetton 1995, p.1185).Globalisation and TheoriesHaque (2002, p.103) interprets globalisation as a process of integrating nations, societies, mountains, and institutions in the economic, political, cultural, and intellectual domains through means such as capital, production, exchange, and information have and controlled unequally by states, classes, groups, and individuals. Globalisation is no longer constrained by theme borders. Australian companies are building properties in the United Kingdom and southeastward Asia, German cars are being built in the United States, McDonalds sells its burgers in China, and Japanese cars are manufactured in Australia. The world has defia ntly become a global village (Robbins et al. 2006, p.57).Along with globalisation comes a whole diverse standpoint on theories, and how or if they are applied. Between the years of 1980 and 2000, many transitions occurred. This close displayed the industrial age giving way to the economic imperatives of the information era (Hunt. 2001, p.1). Varied surrounding environments nowadays challenge management on a global scale, including Fayols methods. in that location are so many other principles that a manager must consider before resorting back to Fayols fourteen principles.For illustration internal, external, and specific circumstances these days shape the way a manager manages his or her firm. Some of these issues that need to be taken into consideration relate to suppliers, customers, humans pressure groups, competitors, global, economic, political, sociocultural, demographics, and technology matters. Environmental issues are expanding at a rapidly fast rate which is placing pre ssure on managers to pursue their own intelligent and logically ways and means in managing an organisation that will lead them to gaining the conquest and profits that is expected.Olsen (2002) suggests that the New Public Management portrays a centrally organized and rule-bound worldly concern administration as outdated. The cosmos sector is not distinctive from the private sector and the slogan let the managers manage implies fewer uniform, system-wide rules and procedures and more flexibility and decentralization. The public administration is primarily an instrument for efficient service production, governed by a performance-oriented culture with a focus on results, entrepreneurship and efficiency.Environmental ForcesTechnology is one of the biggest issues that management has had to deal with. Hunt (2001. p5) suggests that our increasingly wired world has effectively been evolving progressively over the past twain decades. This outstanding evolution has been driven by two re fer factors. The first is the widespread commitment on the part of organisations everywhere to accelerate and maximise their levels of competitiveness. The second is the digital revolution, which has resulted in technological developments that have helped to transform the way in which work is carried out. According to Haque (2002, p.106) one of the approximately effective measures enhancing globalisation has been the internet. It has been predicted that the number of internet users has increased from 26 gazillion in 1995 to 143 million in mid-1998. That figure currently stands at 1,022,863,307 billion as of March 31st, 2006 (Internet World Stats 2006). With the ever increasing and advancing technology, managers need to be able to accommodate the organisation streamlined and stable through newer structures and methods of managing, while keeping up with the vast technological variations and competition.Another important issue that has dramatically changed since the introduction of the earlier theories is the political and legal system that surrounds almost any particular business or organisation. Australian managers are accustomed to stable legal and political systems, which change at a slow rate. This may not be the case in many other countries around the globe such as southern Africa, South America, and China (Robbins et al. 2006, p.137). Another particular country that places strains on managers, due to constant changes, is Saudi-Arabian Arabia. Many mangers in Saudi Arabia have to deal with dramatic political and legal system changes that are unexpected and unpredicted. In September 2005, the government of Saudi Arabia passed a rectitude that states the number of Saudi workers hired by the employer must be no less then 75% of the total workforce, although the labour minister is entitled to reduce that proportion temporarily if there is no competent nationals to fill relevant jobs (New Saudisation law comes into force 2005).This dramatic law was applied almost immediately which had managers searching for ways to restructure their organisation in the most efficient, effective, honest way. Regardless of where the company originates from, organisations had a time period of three months to ensure this percentage was achieved or penalties would apply. Many foreign investors and organisations have relocated their companies, due to this inconvenient law, to the United Arab Emirates, where globalisation is welcomed widely. Others opted to remain and try to bypass the law by employing any Saudi national, qualified or unqualified, just to bump the numbers required. Qualified Saudi nationals are available in remarkably small numbers and are usually highly paid, whereas some of the unqualified Saudi nationals are usually not committed or are ircreditworthy in employment which leads them to being trained to handle lower and less responsible positions.Yet, some organisations have decided to register Saudi nationals on their payroll, regardles s whether they show up to work or not. The advantage of having them on the payroll allows the organisation to meet the conditions of Saudi government without changing the structure excessively. However, this has caused additional overheads leading to a reduction in total profits for these organisations. Managers in such countries hardihood great uncertainty as a result of political instability (Robbins et al. 2006, p.137). Fayols theories in situations like this one are totally irrelevant. Managers have to afterthought their strategy at any accustomed moment in a much more complicated direction, while the government decides which step to take next, whether it is ethical or unethical.Risk management is an important point that needs to be looked at in organisations also. At the present time, many companies working in serious environments thoroughly evaluate and plan risk management, before planning any other organisational objectives. Initial theorists did not contemplate risk man agement or whether it was needed or not, whereas managers in recent times acknowledge that it is of a high priority in some countries. The September eleven attack is a contingency that no one can forget, especially for the numerous organisations that were in the twin towers. What risk management plans did managers outline prior to this unpredictable incident? The answer is most probably none.Management in the towers at the time may have used some basic administrative theories on that day, but never imagined they that would be dealing with matters beyond any management model or structure. Chief partner for Capco, Joe Anastosia commented in an interview that There are new thoughts on human skills, skills you cant back up on computer. How do you protect your people? How do you protect against intellectual capital loss? Where giving people information on how to leave the building, how to seek out help, and were not unique. Most firms are doing that now (Clark 2001). With the increased pressure of the external environmental forces, managers are exploring and adopting other alternatives to managing that are not included in Fayols theories but are in fact more suitable to todays alternate world.Older theories maybe adopted and applied to non- westward countries, but only to a certain extent as several cultural issues may collide with western methods. Expatriate mangers that ignore foreign values and customs and apply an attitude of ours is better than theirs, will quickly find it hard to compete against other global managers who are willing to understand the cultures that are tied to the organisation where they reside (Robbins et al. 2006, p.122). Successful global management is obligated to have a higher sensitiveness to cultural differences, customs, and practices in various parts of the world (Robbins et al. 2006, p.125). GLOBE (Global Leadership and organisational Behaviour Effectiveness) investigating cross-cultural leadership, has been able to research data obtained from 18,000 middle managers in 62 countries.This has lead to nine diverse dimensions on which national cultures differ. These include assertiveness, future orientation, gender differentiation, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, individualism/collectivism, in-group collectivism, performance orientation, and humane orientation. such(prenominal) research and investigation has enabled managers to gain additional information to help them identify and manage cultural differences. Jun (2000, p.277) believed that it is difficult to understand or predict the changing contexts of other cultures and nations through a theoretical lens used by post-industrial Western nations. Managers with an open mind and attitude, including easy adaptation, will be able to decipher how to gain success through the understanding of the local culture.As countries are confronted with the need for crisis management and with the uncertainty and ambiguity of coping with turbulent changes, ideographic, in ductive, and qualitative approaches to local and national situations seem more useful for understanding different administrative problems as well as diverse ways of dealing with them (Jun 2000, p.284). Individuals, such as managers or leaders, find it difficult to identify key factors that are relevant to a particular situation, even if judgment could be passed through, the factors or mechanisms themselves are usually so limited in its understanding that it is not clear how to manage them. Leadership research has shown that the theories that were widespread in the fifties and sixties were focussed on the conduct of the leader, with expectation that these were ensuring participation, being concerned with people, and structuring up tasks (Kotter 1990, p.1186). As a matter of choice, present managers seek their own individual ways of motivating their employees to ensure success for the organisation, with special consideration to the surrounding environments that cause changes inside an d outside the organisations environment.Many managers today still refer to the works of Fayol as a basic logically approach in management, yet many other theories have been brought forward, with up-to-date modern recommendations which are more suitable to current managers in the global market. Kotter (1990) suggested that these theories are able to aid managerial competencies. For instance there has been a lot of evidence that if people are set high achievable goals, and are given the skills needed, than performance improves. Leadership is a powerful concept and is increasing. There are many people who produce leadership, and it is hard not to think theyd made a difference. However, there is never a chance to see what may have happened if someone else had lead that certain organisation at that time.There has been considerable evidence that success relies on a complex pattern of organisational and environmental forces. There is little doubt that successive waves of downsizing initiat ives and the drive towards outsourcing key corporate functions have placed greater pressures on managers to ensure that their organisations remain cohesive and integrated while preserving the capacity for innovation and adaptability. Slimmer organisational structures of the present age hold in it almost impossible for managers to operate according to the old hierarchical paradigms with their concentration being on command and control administrative dimensions. Managers are required to percent larger amounts of information these days unlike before, as it has shown that their capabilities to do so influences performance levels of many others around them (Hunt 2001, p.8).ConclusionIt is evident that general administrative theories may have been relevant to organisations many years ago when external environmental influences had a lesser affect on the organisation and its structure. The world has changed with the introduction of globalisation and its accelerated growth, which has lead to many changes in the way a manager manages, plans, organises, commands, coordinates, and controls. Without the assistance of any particular theories, managers have been able to deal with internal and external matters with a level-headed, rational and sensible manner which will possibly solve the problem at hand and achieve the organisations main objective.BibliographyAljezzera Net 2006, New Saudisation law comes into force. Retrieved April 28, 2006, from http//english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/BCED3E8F-DB85-4932-8FED-B16DD840B717.htmClark, P 2001, Firms deal with displacement, B to B. vol. 86, no.19, October 15, p. 6 & 21.Haque, MS 2002, Globalisation, new political economy, and governance A third world viewpoint, Administrative surmise and Praxis, vol. 24, no.1, pp. 103-124.Hunt, J 2001, The future of work in Weisner, R & Millett, B (Eds.) Management and organisational behaviour contemporary challenges and future directions, Wiley, Brisbane, pp. 3-10.Internet World Stats 2006, Usa ge and population statistics. Retrieved April 29, 2006, from http//www.internetworldstats.com/stas.htmJun, JS 2000, Transcending the limits of relative administration A new internationalism in the making, Administrative Theory and Praxis, vol. 22, no.2, pp. 273-286.Kotter, J 1990, What do leaders really do?, Harvard Business Review, vol. 63, no.3, May-June, pp. 103 111.Olsen, JP n.d, Towards an European administrative space?, Arena Working Papers, retrieved April 20, 2006, from http//www.arena.uio.no/publications/wp02_26.htmRobbins, S., Bergman, R., Stagg, I. & Coulter, M. (2006), Management, Prentice Hall 4th edn, Frenchs Forest.Wikipedia Encyclopaedia 2006, Henri Fayol. Retrieved April 22, 2006, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol

The Role of Christianity in the Restoration and Remaking of State Power

The last centuries of the roman print pudding stone was marked with chaos and bloodshed. Rival claimants to the imperial throne incessantly waged war with one a nonher, disrupting on the whole aspects of roman letters life in the process. Barbaric tribes from neighboring regions took gain of this incident by invading the countryside, stealing crops and livestock, burning entire t declares to the ground and killing or enslaving Roman peasants. In the cities, ambitious praetorians and senators often led rebellions, paralyzing economic activity as a result.The tragic end of the Roman empire eroded confidence in human reason and shattered the hope of attaining happiness in this world. Desperate, impoverished and fearful for their lives, nation during this period were searching for an escape from the oppression that they were experiencing. This need, in turn, prompted the evolution and magnification of Christianity. Christianitys otherworldliness and promise of personal immortali ty gave a spiritually disillusioned Greco-Roman world a reason to continue living.Furthermore, the triumph of Christianity in the Greco-Roman world marked the end of classical ancientness and the beginning of the medieval period (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 171). A Palestinian Jew named Jesus Christ (4 BC-29 AD) was the founder of Christianity. Prior to his ministry, closely Palestinian Jews were followers of Judaism, a religion that was based on Mosaic Law (Torah). Apart from spiritual rituals, Judaism was in like manner composed of many laws that governed daily life. Christ himself was taught Jewish apparitional-ethical thought in his formative years (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 174).Christ, however, was distressed over the manner in which Jewish leading implemented the teachings of Judaism. He felt that their centralize shifted from prophetic values to obedience to rules and prohibitions regulating the smallest details of daily life (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 174). For Christ, detailed regulations governing occasional activities dealt only with a persons visible behavior but not with his or her knowledgeable being. Such a superficial manner of enforcing Jewish law produced individuals who mechanically followed rules and prohibitions but whose hearts remained adulterated (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 174).He believed that true morality meant doing away with vices such as fornication, adultery, murder and avarice. The Jewish scribes and priests, as a result, viewed Christ as a threat to ancient traditions and to their authority over the Jews. The Romans, meanwhile, regarded him as a political agitator who would incite a rebellion against Rome (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 175). Jewish leaders therefore had him arrested for high perfidiousness and turned him over to Pontius Pilate, who sentenced him to death by crucifixion. precisely Christ underwent resurrection three days after his expiry and later as cended into heaven.His followers then traveled to various parts of the world in arrangement to shell out his teachings. The early years of Christianity were not easy for its followers. Christians during the Roman Empire, for instance, were brutally persecuted because they were seen as subversives (who) preached allegiance to God and not to Rome (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 180). They were imprisoned, beaten, starved, burned alive, crucified and torn apart by wild animals in the arena for the amusement of the Roman public (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 181).In coiffe to escape harassment, Christians clandestinely met and held worship services in venues such as catacombs. But Christianitys aforementioned situation was reversed with the fall of the Roman Empire. The appeal of Christianity was based mainly on the common knowledge that religion is more capable of stirring human hearts than reason. The Roman Empires staunch belief in science and philosophy did not save it from total destruction. neither was it able to provide comforting solutions to the existential problems of life and death (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 178).Christianity, in sharp contrast, gave the assurance that all earthly torments were the will of God God make human beings undergo suffering in order to test their faithfulness to him. As Christianity became increasingly popular among the Romans, emperors realized that crushing the religion through persecution was already futile. They instead decided to obtain the support of the empires Christian population. Constantine, for instance, issued in 313 AD the revision of Milan a law that granted toleration to Christians.This directive was followed by other legislations which was favorable to the church Theodosius I had made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire and outlawed the worship of pagan gods by 392 AD (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 181). It would be fair to say that these laws transformed Christianity into an apparatus for the restoration and remaking of state power. Fanatic clergy took advantage of their newly-empowered status by persuading Roman emperors to issue decrees that persecuted pagans, Jews and Christians with unorthodox views.Consequently, many followers of pagan cults were fined, imprisoned, tortured and executed. In addition, Christian mobs burned non-Christian writings, destroyed pagan altars and sacred images and squelched pagan rites and festivals (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, Von Laue 181). In the process, the Roman Empire was slowly being re perpetrated with a theocracy Roman emperors were reduced to puppets that the Christian clergy controlled at the strings. Christianity further gained political salt lick when it started amassing material wealth. Many wealthy Christians died leaving almost all of their fortune to the church.Some Christian leaders in the 4th light speed were therefore able to build monasteries or communities of people committed to requester and asceticism (Hastings 43). Monasteries played a crucial role in the spread of Christianity they served as training rationality for missionaries. Monasteries were likewise vital to social and economic development, as they established schools and libraries and served as landlords and organizers of economic wealth (McManners 119). The Christian church, through the monasteries, amassed so much wealth in donated lands, money and priceless church furnishings.Thus, the Christian Church eventually became richer and more powerful than most lay monarchies. The pope, previously a spiritual leader alone, also became a temporal power in the process (Bausch, Cannon and Obach 120). By the 9th century, the Christian Church was already powerful enough to establish its own empire pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 800 (MSN Encarta n. pag. ). The Middle Ages was characterized with constant power struggles between the pope and the monarchs.In 1 075, for instance, Pope Gregory VII and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV fought over the respectable of the sovereign to appoint bishops in his realm (lay investiture). Henry refused to acknowledge Gregorys papacy, while the pope excommunicated the emperor. recumb investiture is said to be the most persistent source of clashes between the Christian Church and the splendour bishops and abbots refused to have the king exercise control over their lands and other wealth. But it was necessary for the king to do it in order to assert his authority over his secular nobility (MSN Encarta n. pag. ).The Crusades was one of the rare instances wherein the monarchy and the Christian Church joined forces. The Moslem conquest of Jerusalem spawned meant that the sacred places associated with the life of Christ would fall into the work force of a non-Christian power. West European Christians therefore launched the Crusades, a series of wars from 1095 to 1204 that were intended to recapture Jerusale m from Muslim rule. But the Crusades proved to be a failure Jerusalem returned to Islamic rule a century after the Fourth Crusade of 1202-1204 (MSN Encarta n. pag. ). After the Crusades, the Christian Church was plagued with even more problems.Moral lethargy and financial profaneion were genuinely rampant (MSN Encarta n. pag. ). The clergy lived luxuriously, while ordinary people starved. Another anomaly that took place within the Christian Church was the selling of indulgences. Priests would sell people relics (hair or bones of saints) at very expensive prices. They would convince people into buying by claiming that possessing relics would immediately take them to Heaven upon their death. Some priests and religious leaders openly criticized the aforementioned irregularities in the Christian Church, a phenomenon which was later known as the Reformation.On October 31, 1517, German theologian Martin Luther published the Ninety-five Theses, a criticism on the selling of indulgences in order to raise funds for the construction of St. Peters Basilica in Rome. His excommunication by Pope Leo X led to the formation of Protestantism. Others, such as Huldreich Zwingli and John Calvin, soon came up with their own Protestant sects (MSN Encarta n. pag. ). The emergence of Protestantism prompted the Catholic Church to stage the Counterreformation in the 16th and 17th centuries.The Council of Trent (1545-1563), for one, clarified arguable doctrines and established guidelines on liturgy, church administration and education. The Catholic Church likewise came up with the Index of proscribe Books and a new Inquisition. Missionaries were then sent to the Far East and North and South America in order to draw more converts to Roman Catholicism (MSN Encarta n. pag. ). Christianitys otherworldliness and promise of personal immortality made it appear as a suitable alternative to the chaotic Roman Empire.As a result, people wholeheartedly supported the Christian Church. Apart fr om being faithful followers, they invested time and resources on the religion. The Christian Church, in the process, became even more powerful than secular nobility. But if power corrupts, then absolute power corrupts absolutely. later(prenominal) Catholic leaders became morally decadent and corrupt. Consequently, c one timerned parties from the clergy established Protestantism. It is indeed very ironic that Christianity, once regarded as an alternative to a corrupt status quo, ended up being a corrupt institution itself.

Racism in Haiti

Racism In Haiti Racism is range throughout the whole world in position,Racism has existed throughout human history. It whitethorn be defined as the hatred of one person by another or the belief that another person is less(prenominal) than human because of skin color, language, customs, place of birth or any factor that supposedly reveals the basic disposition of that person. but in Haiti and the Dominican republic it is a genuinely different variation of the word,. n fact if racism is as the dictionary defines it then surely a new word must be invented to describe and explain the events that take place against the Haitian people,where hatred and racism are defined so intensively and so brutally that one does not believe a human being a member of ones own gender that another human being is capable of such hatred, of such vicious behavior towards another person,.Because of extreme poverty,. nresourcefull land,,and dangerous living conditions the people of Haiti cross the touch into the Dominican republic,but they are received by the intense racism of the Dominican people where their own worship wich in many cases includes Haitian people and share Haitian belief discriminate and exhibit very hateful behavior towards the simple Haitian people who flee from their own country with the innocent intent of finding a better life for themselves but are received by the cold condemnable hate of the Dominican residents.Conclusion Throughout this whole presentation we hope you have all been made sensible of the cruel treatment that Haitian people receive,At the beginning of my groups topic we honestly did not know what to carry but I never thought of such blunt scenes of what is very clearly racism and what may even be genocide,we hope that all of this will encourage you to lend a hand to a person you may know is being discriminated against because racism is everywhere,and it can affect us all in many ways.

Cause and Effect About Students Attendance

There are many typewrites of students in terms of attendance, reactivity with class activity and submitting assignment. In this topic we are only interested in students who usu altogethery attend and they are divided into terce groups, the first is students who arrive before the lecture begins, the second, which I think is the best, are students who arrive on the beat of starting the lecture, the third are puncture students who arrive after the beginning of the class disturbing students and lecturer. In this essay we are going to look at each groups positive and negative sides and what advantages they have.First type of students is the type who wants to get early to classes. This type of students go forth have to break their sleep and what may be a nice dream just to be there a few minutes earlier. as yet he will have good advantages, the first is that they can relax on their breakfast with a cup of tea or coffee. The second is they will not have to rush on their delegacy to t he university and will not face a lot of crowd if the lecture is during early morning. Finally, students who get early to classes will have enough time to review the previous lecture which may result in better understanding for the next one.The second type of students is students who get to classes on time. They and students who get early will be able to freely choose their seats. They also will be able to catch close to all information their instructor says. However they will not be as relaxed as students who lessen early. The last type is students who come late(a) to classes. The only positive side for them is they can stay late at night because they have decided on coming late which means they do not have to wake up early, nevertheless, they themselves know that what they are doing is wrong but they are just ignoring it.We all know that students who arrive late to classes are over speeding because the moment they realize their state they hitch thinking the right way and just focus on getting there with new highest tape to avoid any reproach from the instructor and forgetting about the high probability of getting into argument with a cop because of any traffic contravention they did or involving in accident which will keep them nevertheless more delayed.When they arrive, they firstly will disturb the other students attention then, they notice that they have missed a lot of information which may be very important so they will ask students virtually them and eventually disturbing and cause noise in the class affecting the other students. In my opinion, students who usually arrive to classes on time are the best, because they get many positive points by being in the middle of both sides.

Groups vs Individuals Essay

Individuals will complete a task to a dandyer extent efficiently and effectively than a company. And culture in meeting dynamics, whilst interesting, has no practical value as a means of increasing the advantageously-worn of pigeonholing performance (Mullins, 2007, p296). Essay This essay is button to turn up the main differences between the operate of individuals and the usage of a group. The perception of the author of the essay title basically states that there argon more than than benefits than drawbacks in the individual work when equivalence to the group work as well as that a stipulation task nonify be completed more efficiently and effectively by an individual.The some early(a) better of the title discusses that there is no increase in group performance even though discipline in group is more interesting and appealing. In order to examine these two statements it is essential to dish out every effect that skill direct an impact on the work of both indiv iduals and groups. What often comes to pecks mind when discussing the advantages and disadvantages of functional in a group is that the more people you set out the more ideas you have and that the more people you have the faster the knock overn task is completed.This essay will get around that it is not as simple as many of us might think and that there be many complex elements of peoples behaviour that might have both positive and ostracize effect on the final task result. In what follows, well have a look at these featureors and give reasons why should the work of individual be more effective than group work or why not. In this part of the essay we atomic number 18 going to have a look at how variant individual differences affect individual behaviour in the workplace. Individuals in the organization explore five topics which are character, perception, learning and motivation at work.All these five psychological aspects are very closely connect to each(prenominal) ear ly(a) and they help us to understand behaviour in general as well as in particular but also to analyze the performance of work and the quality of working life. We have chosen to focus on one of these five topics Personality. Firstly, it is required to comprehend what actually psycheality is. Despite of the fact, (Bratton, 2007) that any universal definition of personality has not been accepted yet, we define personality as a relatively resistant way of thinking, feeling and acting which characterizes a persons response to his or her environment.However, (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2004) there are some properties, which restrict our definition of personality, that are both stable and distinctive, depending on different situations and over clipping. In the case of stability, we are not interested in properties that are effortless and transient. For example, changes in persons behaviour caused by the consumption of drugs or caused by some shape of illness are not considered as person ality characteristics, unless they become permanent. However, there is one serious stretch forth and that is the fact that personalities appear to be flexible.For example, a manager who appears to be very loud and emotionless in the office could be a caring and supportive parent in family life. In the case of distinctiveness, we moldiness lie with that personality possibleness is related to properties that are unique to the individual and not to those that all or most other people share. For example, a man may be aggressive towards taxi drivers, sociable with waiters, loud at concerts and terrified of spiders. But the liaison is that he may share some of these dispositions with a friend who breeds spiders.We also must know that, (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2004) the scheme of personality relies on two main propositions. single of them is that behaviour does not change frequently even though is has both stable and distinctive features. The other one is that it must be accepted they only way how to compare the distinctive properties is by comparing them to the properties of others. One of the many theories of personality is Eysencks three-factor model of personality. Hans J. Eysenck (1916-1997), a well-known British psychologist born in Berlin, Germany, used factor analysis to originate his theory of personality.His theory declares, (Bratton, 2007) that a normal personality can be understood in depots of three basic factors introversion ( a personality balance that characterizes people who are territorial and solitary ) extroversion ( a personality dimension that characterizes people who are outgoing, sociable and talkative ), stability dissymmetry and self-control psychoticism. Introversion is the opposite of extroversion, stability is the opposite of instability and self-control is the opposite of psychoticism.Eysenck created a two dimensional model which he believed captured the most important aspects of persons personality ( see Figure 1. 0 ). pic F igure 1. 0 points out the effects of sundry(a) combinations of the three dimensions and relates them to the four personality types (Bratton, 2007) originated by the Greek physician Galen in the second century AD. The fact that the two basic dimensions intersect at right angles ( in the sense that they are independent ) should be noted. Therefore, when we know what take aim of extroversion personality has it does not show us how emotionally stable the personality is.The level of persons stability could be anywhere along the stability dimension. The other thing which the diagram reveals is that various combinations of the two primary basic dimensions make different personalities. For example, as we can see, an extrovertive unstable person is touchy, restless and aggressive an extroverted stable person is sociable, outgoing and talkative. Eysencks theory puts in our mind that the type of personality might have a vast effect on an individual terminate a given task.Therefore, a compa ny should be very careful when hiring bare-assed employees. But on the other hand, hiring a suitable type of personality would bring a great effectiveness and efficiency into the companys performance. In this part of the essay we are going to examine some problems that might occur in the work group. When speaking of groups we must understand what actually a group is. A group could be people waiting at a bus keep back for a bus, audience in a theatre, people sheltering in a shop doorway from the rainwater or pieces of a football team.However, only one of the mentioned groups can be regarded as a work group and that is the football team. It is very significant to recognize a distinction between mere aggregates of individuals and psychological group. Consequently, we must know what characteristics a group must witness to become one. Firstly, (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2004) it is a minimum rank of two people. No official size has been accepted, and different authors describe groups th at range from two to thirty individuals. However, the more genus Phalluss a group has the more relations within the group there are.This fact might have a huge effect on the group performance whereas the bigger the group is the better level of communication is required and the more complex it is to operate the group effectively and successfully. Secondly, (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2004) every single instalment of the group must be able to croak with every other outgrowth. In case of not meeting this criterion there might be some very serious problems in completing a given task. For example, if there was a group of three members and one member would not communicate with one of the other two members, the efficiency of the group performance would be hardly decreased.Thirdly, (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2004) members must have a shared sense of collective identity. each member must be associated with the other members, not see him or herself as a individual working independently and at the comparable time all members must believe themselves in order to distinct the group from other groups. Failing to meet this criterion might cause a very negative impact on completing a task. For example, if one group member do not believe in some of the other member it might cause a tension between the members or it might make the disbelieving member work independently and again decrease the efficiency of the group performance.Fourthly, (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2004) members must have complementary goals. Each member of a group may have different goals which can be achieved only by membership of and participation in the group. Fifthly, (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2004) a group must have a structure. Every member of the group will have a different role, for example initiator, suggestion-provider, compromiser and etc. These roles tend to become set(p) and indicate what members expect from each other. This criterion can be met only by following genuine norms or rules.We believe that this is the most fragile part of work groups. Some people believe that rules are made to be broken and tend not to follow them. This can as well as the other criteria have a vast impact on the group performance. This part of the essay is going to be related to the statement that training in group dynamics, whilst interesting, has no practical value as a means of increasing the standard of group performance. First of all, we must gain knowledge of the term group dynamics. Group dynamics (Bratton, 2007) is the study of human behaviour in groups.The nature of groups, group schooling and the interrelations between individuals and group, other groups and other elements of formal organizations are included in this study. We have four major factors (Bratton, 2007) that influence group dynamics, but be aware that these factors does not attempt to create a theory of group dynamics, nor these factors can be applied to every type of group. These four elements are group context, group structure, gro up processes and group outcomes. We will have a closer look at the group structure. The group structure has a crucial role in group dynamics.It influences the way members relate and interact with each other and it also enable us to explain individual behaviour within the group. Without any doubtfulness all of us have at least once found ourselves in a group. We know that group members within a group are not equal, do not have the same knowledge, have different perceptions and have different skills and abilities. This is where the differentiation takes place and where social relations are formed. accord to Bratton (2007, p. 303) the group structure is the stable pattern of relationships among the differentiated elements in the group.Size of the group along other factors such as roles, status and leadership plays very important role in differentiation of a group. As we have mentioned earlier the more people you have in a group the more relationships there are and the more relationsh ips there are the more likely a conflict might occur. For example, a group of three has three relationships, a group of four has six relationships and a group of seven has however 21 relationships. A big problem that might occur in a group is when a group has numerous members coalitions might intervene which means that some members align themselves against other group members.